I have been practicing exclusively in the area of estate planning for over 27 years. Yet, last week a questioned posed by a young couple seemed to resonate in my mind like never before. "What is the number one benefit of doing a trust?" My mind quickly raced to the 1980's movie "City Slickers" when the old crusty cowboy said to Billy Crystal, the city slicker, that he must find "just one thing" that is important to him in life and use that as a motivation to have a happy and successful life. This line made me realize that the "just one thing" in estate planning, like the movie, is different for each person. The true answer is the quintessential clich, "it depends". The purpose of this article will list some of the most important factors that people should consider. In the end, whatever your "just one thing" is should motivate you to take action and provide "Peace of Mind" for your loved ones.
One of the most common mistakes people make when it comes to their estate is that they simply fail to prepare a plan. Many people, especially the young and healthy, never even set up a Living Will. Living Wills are important to have at any age because they serve as a directive in the event that you become incapacitated. Even though far fewer young people plan their estates, more than twice as many 20-somethings die in car accidents than 60-somethings. Therefore, it is crucial that you plan your estate regardless of your age, health, or income level.
Saving Taxes - People have heard this phrase over and over again in newspaper ads inviting people to public seminars put on by a "national expert" that nobody has ever really heard of. But, how does a Trust really help to save taxes? Under today's tax laws, a common Revocable Trust does not save taxes for most people. First, a Trust doesn't save any income taxes. The Trust is ignored for income tax purposes and all of the income generated by the Trust is taxed to the individual Grantors of the Trust as usual. Also, for a single person, a Trust does not save any estate taxes. But, for a married couple, a Trust can save estate taxes. Most married couples have a Revocable Trust, that splits into an "A" and a "B" trust at the death of the first spouse. The primary reason for this split is that it guarantees that the couple will get two exemptions to apply against the estate tax. One exemption for the "B" trust when the first spouse dies, and then a second exemption against the "A" trust when the surviving spouse passes. Without an A/B trust, it is possible that the exemption of the first spouse could be wasted. But, since the federal estate tax exemption is now set at $5 million, most couples only need one exemption anyway. So, in the end, for probably 95% of married couples, having a trust will not save any estate taxes. Now, this is true as to the Revocable living trust. Don't confuse this with the 4 or 5 other "specialty trusts" that have the specific purpose of saving estate taxes. Examples of a "specialty trust" would be an Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust (designed to keep life insurance out of the estate tax system) and a Qualified Personal Residence Trust (designed to keep the primary and vacation residences out of the estate tax system).
Getting estate planning tax advice on a continuing basis is important, because you may have to adjust your estate planning strategies as your financial situation and/or the estate tax laws change. Consulting with an estate planning tax expert as your circumstances change will ensure that your heirs are not left with any unpleasant surprises and that your final wishes will be honored as you desired.
Restrictions and Incentives for Children - The key question here relates to the timing in which a child should gain unrestricted access, an outright distribution, to the assets after the death of both parents. We would all agree that if a child is a minor, then the assets should be controlled and restricted by an independent trustee for a period of time. What we may disagree on, is the appropriate age in which all restrictions and the independent trustee should be removed. Some clients say age 25, some say 30, and I have had many that say 50 or 60. My experience is that the older my clients are, the higher they will set the ages for their children to gain control. For example, if the kids are minors, then most couples will set the restriction to be lifted at age 30. However, if the couple is much older, and the kids are already over age 30, then these couples may set the restrictions to age 40 or 45. We may also want to build certain "incentives" into the estate plan. A common incentive is "if you earn a buck, then the trust will pay you another buck". So, you create an incentive for a child to go out and earn a living. Over the years, I have seen the destruction that is brought to a "trust fund baby". Money and inheritances can ruin a child and ruin a life. That is why many wealthy people will leave large portions of their wealth to charities, instead of their children (and yes, there are income tax advantages and estate tax advantages of doing this, but the primary reason would be to encourage the child to have a productive life). You may also want to provide incentives depending on if a child graduates from college or achieves some other educational benchmark. I do see the risk of using the trust as a "carrot" that is dangled in front of a child to be manipulative. But, some well thought out incentives can really go a long way to help a son or a daughter cope with the vicissitudes of life and be blessing to them, and not a curse.
Because life events, such as divorce, loss of job, etc., may change your assets, it is important to periodically revisit your plan to ensure that it is always current. Many people die without reviewing their assets, so their plans cannot be carried out as they had desired. By regularly reviewing your plan, you are able to help your beneficiaries inherit the assets you leave behind for them without having to fight for them in court or with other beneficiaries.
One of the most common mistakes people make when it comes to their estate is that they simply fail to prepare a plan. Many people, especially the young and healthy, never even set up a Living Will. Living Wills are important to have at any age because they serve as a directive in the event that you become incapacitated. Even though far fewer young people plan their estates, more than twice as many 20-somethings die in car accidents than 60-somethings. Therefore, it is crucial that you plan your estate regardless of your age, health, or income level.
Saving Taxes - People have heard this phrase over and over again in newspaper ads inviting people to public seminars put on by a "national expert" that nobody has ever really heard of. But, how does a Trust really help to save taxes? Under today's tax laws, a common Revocable Trust does not save taxes for most people. First, a Trust doesn't save any income taxes. The Trust is ignored for income tax purposes and all of the income generated by the Trust is taxed to the individual Grantors of the Trust as usual. Also, for a single person, a Trust does not save any estate taxes. But, for a married couple, a Trust can save estate taxes. Most married couples have a Revocable Trust, that splits into an "A" and a "B" trust at the death of the first spouse. The primary reason for this split is that it guarantees that the couple will get two exemptions to apply against the estate tax. One exemption for the "B" trust when the first spouse dies, and then a second exemption against the "A" trust when the surviving spouse passes. Without an A/B trust, it is possible that the exemption of the first spouse could be wasted. But, since the federal estate tax exemption is now set at $5 million, most couples only need one exemption anyway. So, in the end, for probably 95% of married couples, having a trust will not save any estate taxes. Now, this is true as to the Revocable living trust. Don't confuse this with the 4 or 5 other "specialty trusts" that have the specific purpose of saving estate taxes. Examples of a "specialty trust" would be an Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust (designed to keep life insurance out of the estate tax system) and a Qualified Personal Residence Trust (designed to keep the primary and vacation residences out of the estate tax system).
Getting estate planning tax advice on a continuing basis is important, because you may have to adjust your estate planning strategies as your financial situation and/or the estate tax laws change. Consulting with an estate planning tax expert as your circumstances change will ensure that your heirs are not left with any unpleasant surprises and that your final wishes will be honored as you desired.
Restrictions and Incentives for Children - The key question here relates to the timing in which a child should gain unrestricted access, an outright distribution, to the assets after the death of both parents. We would all agree that if a child is a minor, then the assets should be controlled and restricted by an independent trustee for a period of time. What we may disagree on, is the appropriate age in which all restrictions and the independent trustee should be removed. Some clients say age 25, some say 30, and I have had many that say 50 or 60. My experience is that the older my clients are, the higher they will set the ages for their children to gain control. For example, if the kids are minors, then most couples will set the restriction to be lifted at age 30. However, if the couple is much older, and the kids are already over age 30, then these couples may set the restrictions to age 40 or 45. We may also want to build certain "incentives" into the estate plan. A common incentive is "if you earn a buck, then the trust will pay you another buck". So, you create an incentive for a child to go out and earn a living. Over the years, I have seen the destruction that is brought to a "trust fund baby". Money and inheritances can ruin a child and ruin a life. That is why many wealthy people will leave large portions of their wealth to charities, instead of their children (and yes, there are income tax advantages and estate tax advantages of doing this, but the primary reason would be to encourage the child to have a productive life). You may also want to provide incentives depending on if a child graduates from college or achieves some other educational benchmark. I do see the risk of using the trust as a "carrot" that is dangled in front of a child to be manipulative. But, some well thought out incentives can really go a long way to help a son or a daughter cope with the vicissitudes of life and be blessing to them, and not a curse.
Because life events, such as divorce, loss of job, etc., may change your assets, it is important to periodically revisit your plan to ensure that it is always current. Many people die without reviewing their assets, so their plans cannot be carried out as they had desired. By regularly reviewing your plan, you are able to help your beneficiaries inherit the assets you leave behind for them without having to fight for them in court or with other beneficiaries.
About the Author:
Frank Miller has a Debt Consolidation Blog & Finance, these are some of the articles: Hard Cash Banks - Now Not The Final Resort You have full permission to reprint this article provided this box is kept unchanged.
No comments:
Post a Comment